In the face of the escalating environmental and energy crisis with the increasing costs of conventional electricity, many agricultural businesses in Devon are contemplating a shift towards renewable energy options. One such option, gaining significant traction, is harnessing solar power. However, a question that often crops up is – Are solar panels a good investment for farms? Let’s delve deeper into this topic to unearth the answer.

Understanding Solar Farms

Understanding what a solar farm is and its operation is crucial in assessing its feasibility as an investment. A solar farm, solar park, solar power station, or solar plant, is essentially a large-scale, ground-mounted solar installation. It operates like a power plant, generating electricity through photovoltaic (PV) panels or other solar energy collection systems. The power generated is then fed into the local electricity grid, contributing to the overall energy mix of the region.

Types of Solar Farms for Agricultural Land

Solar farms can broadly be classified into two types – utility-scale solar farms and community solar farms.

Utility-scale solar farms are typically larger, with a capacity ranging between 1 MW and 2,000 MW. They can use the energy created on the farm and sell the generated power to utility companies, thereby serving all the utility’s customers as part of the energy mix.

Community solar farms, on the other hand, are smaller, usually under 5 MW, and serve a specific community of subscribers who have paid for a share of their power.

The Cost Aspect of Solar Farms

The cost of setting up a solar farm can fluctuate depending on factors such as the scale of the project, geographical location, and specific financial arrangements. However, as a general rough estimate, solar farm installation costs typically range between £0.73 to £0.83 per watt. This implies that a 1 megawatt (MW) solar farm would cost between £734,000 and £830,000. It’s worth noting that these costs have been on a downward trend over the years, making solar farms increasingly affordable.

Financial Benefits of Solar Farms

The financial rewards of investing in solar panels for farms can be substantial. Generally, a well-installed solar PV system can provide free electricity for over 25 years, yield returns of up to 20% per annum, and recover installation costs within five years. Moreover, with the price of installing solar having significantly dropped over the years, investing in solar panels for farms has become a more viable and profitable option.

Revenue Generation from acres of land

A major source of revenue for solar farms is through Power Purchase Agreements (PPA). These agreements allow generators to sell their electricity over a predetermined period. They can either be fixed-price PPAs, locking in the current market price, or flexible, allowing sellers to trade power at different times or profiting from price changes on the wholesale market.

Solar Panels: A Solution for Farming Challenges

Agricultural businesses have faced numerous challenges, including fluctuating crop prices, unpredictable weather patterns, and increasing operational costs. Solar panels offer a viable solution to some of these issues.

Reducing Operational Costs

One of the significant advantages of installing solar panels is the potential reduction in operational costs. By generating their electricity, farms can significantly reduce their energy bills. Considering the rising cost of electricity, this could lead to substantial savings in the long run.

Providing a Reliable Income Source

With solar panels, farms can also establish a reliable secondary income source. Excess electricity generated can be sold back to the grid, providing an additional revenue stream. This can be particularly beneficial during periods of low crop yield or market downturns.

Environmental Benefits of Solar Farms

Apart from the financial advantages, solar panels also offer several environmental benefits. They generate clean, renewable energy that can significantly reduce a farm’s carbon footprint.

Promoting Sustainable Practices

Solar energy is a clean energy source. Unlike fossil fuels, it does not produce harmful greenhouse gases or contribute to global warming. By adopting solar power, farms can make their operations more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Contributing to Carbon Emission Reduction Goals

By harnessing solar power, farms can play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions and helping achieve national and global renewable energy targets. The average solar farm has the potential to power approximately 1,500 homes for a year, significantly reducing carbon emissions in the process.

Maintenance and Longevity of Solar Panels

Solar panels require minimal maintenance once installed. They usually come with performance warranties that guarantee a certain level of output for a specific period, typically 25 years. Additionally, the absence of moving parts in the panels reduces the likelihood of breakdowns and the need for frequent repairs.

Solar Panel Installation Considerations for Farms

Before installing solar panels, farms need to evaluate several factors to ensure the feasibility and effectiveness of the installation.

Assessing Site Suitability

The first step is to assess the site’s suitability for solar installation. Factors such as proximity to a suitable power supply (such as a distribution line or substation) and the location of the solar system (rooftop or ground level) need to be considered.

Obtaining Necessary Permissions and Approvals

Installing solar panels may require planning permissions and approvals, particularly for commercial installations. It’s crucial to familiarise oneself with the local regulations and procedures to ensure a smooth installation process.

Solar Panels and Small-Scale Farms

Solar panels can be a worthwhile investment for both small-scale and large-scale farms. For smaller farms, solar panels can provide a cost-effective way to meet their energy needs and reduce their dependence on grid-supplied electricity.

Solar Panels and the Future of Farming

With the ongoing advancements in solar technology and the increasing emphasis on sustainable practices, the intersection of solar power and farming is set to grow in the future. Concepts like agrivoltaics, which involve the co-location of solar panels and crops, are gaining traction, offering innovative ways for farms to maximise their land use and profitability.

Conclusion

In conclusion, investing in solar panels can be a wise move for farms. Not only can it significantly reduce operational costs and provide a reliable income source, but it also aligns with the global shift towards sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. While the initial setup cost can be substantial, the long-term benefits, both financial and environmental, make it a worthwhile investment. As with any significant investment, it’s essential to conduct thorough research and consider all factors before making a decision.

In the face of mounting operational challenges and an uncertain future, solar panels offer a beacon of hope for farmers, paving the way towards a more sustainable and profitable future in farming.

To find out if solar panels could be the perfect solution for your farm or agricultural business, contact our expert team at Glo Renewables to discuss your project.

Frequently asked questions about solar farms:

Utilising solar energy on farms presents a myriad of benefits. Here’s a breakdown of how solar energy can be utilised and the advantages it brings to the agricultural sector:

Energy Production:

• On-site Generation: Farms can harness solar energy by installing solar panels on buildings or in open fields. This on-site generation can significantly reduce the farm’s reliance on grid electricity.
  
• Excess Energy Sale: Surplus energy generated can be sold back to the grid, providing an additional income stream for farmers.

Water Pumping and Irrigation:

• Solar energy can power water pumps for irrigation, which is crucial for many farming operations. Solar-powered pumps are cost-effective and reliable, especially in remote areas where grid electricity is unavailable.

Greenhouses:

• Some innovative farms incorporate solar panels on or around greenhouses. The solar panels provide the necessary electricity to maintain optimal temperatures and lighting conditions, promoting plant growth.

Livestock Management:

• Solar energy can also be employed in powering systems used in livestock management, such as heating, cooling, and automated feeding systems.

Solar Drying:

• Solar dryers can be used for drying crops and food products, an energy-efficient method compared to conventional drying techniques.

Renewable Energy Credits (RECs):

• By generating solar energy, farms can earn Renewable Energy Credits, which can be sold or used to offset greenhouse gas emissions.

Reduced Operational Costs and Carbon Footprint:

• Solar energy significantly cuts down on electricity bills, and by reducing reliance on fossil fuels, it also lowers the farm’s carbon footprint.

Enhanced Resilience:

• Having an independent power source like solar energy enhances a farm’s resilience against power outages and fluctuations in energy costs.

Community Engagement:

• Adopting solar energy on farms also demonstrates a commitment to sustainability, which can be positively perceived by the community and serve educational purposes.

Technology Advancements:

• With continuous advancements in solar technology, the efficiency and applications of solar energy in farming are poised to expand, making it an increasingly attractive option for farmers.

Solar energy, with its versatility and decreasing cost, represents a sound investment for farmers seeking to modernise their operations, reduce operational costs, and embrace sustainable practices.

How much money can a 100-acre solar farm make?

The revenue that a 100-acre solar farm can generate varies based on several factors, including the location, the number of solar panels installed, the amount of sunshine the area receives, and some rough ideas of facts and figures.

Estimated Revenue:

• A 100-acre solar farm can generate an estimated £6.6 million per year​​.
• The average profit per acre of solar farms ranges between £17,542 and £35,085​​.
• Translating the per-acre profit range to a 100-acre solar farm, the annual revenue range could be between £1.75m and £3.5m.
  

Government Incentives and Renewable Energy Credits:

• The annual revenue could increase significantly when combined with government incentives and renewable energy credits​.

The revenue generation of a solar farm is contingent on numerous factors, and the estimates provided should be seen as a general guideline rather than precise figures. It’s advisable for individuals or entities interested in developing a solar farm to consult with solar energy experts, local government bodies, and utility companies to get a more accurate understanding of the potential revenue generation based on the specific circumstances surrounding their project.

Can I put solar panels on my farmland?

Installing solar panels on farm land can be a beneficial decision both environmentally and economically. Here’s a breakdown of considerations and steps you might want to follow:

Check Local Regulations and Permissions:

• Before installing solar panels, you must check with local authorities and understand the zoning laws and permitting requirements in your area.

Assessment:

• Have a professional assess the land to ensure it’s suitable for solar installations. Factors to consider include soil quality, topography, and sun exposure.

Incentives and Grants:

• Look for governmental incentives, grants, or subsidies for renewable energy projects. These incentives can significantly reduce the cost of installation.

Design and Installation:

• Work with a reputable solar installation company to design a solar system that meets your energy needs and fits well with your agricultural operations.

Integrate with Agriculture (Agrivoltaics):

• Consider an agrivoltaic system, which integrates solar panels with agricultural operations, allowing for the simultaneous cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock under or around the solar panels.

Maintenance:

• Ensure a maintenance plan is in place to keep the solar panels and associated equipment in good working condition.

Monitoring and Optimisation:

• Monitor the system’s performance to ensure it’s meeting your energy goals and optimise as necessary.

Environmental and Community Benefits:

• By transitioning to solar energy, you’re reducing your carbon footprint and potentially providing educational opportunities for your community regarding renewable energy.

Economic Benefits:

• Solar installations can provide a steady source of income through energy savings, selling excess energy back to the grid, and possibly through renewable energy credits.

Resilience:

• Having an independent power source like solar energy can provide resilience against power outages and fluctuations in energy costs.

Educational Value:

• Solar installations on farmland can serve as a local example of sustainable energy practices and provide educational value to the community.

Engaging with solar energy experts, local agricultural extension services, and community stakeholders can provide valuable insights and support as you explore the feasibility and benefits of installing solar panels on your farmland.

Do you need planning permission for solar panels on a farm?

In the UK, installing solar panels on farmland typically requires planning permission, especially if you are considering setting up a solar farm. Here are some key points regarding the planning permission for solar panels on farmland in the UK:

Planning Permission Requirement:

• All solar farms in the UK require planning permission. Ground-mounted solar panel systems larger than 9 square meters (equivalent to 4-5 large solar panels) also require planning permission​​.

Local Planning Authorities (LPAs):

• Local Planning Authorities are responsible for granting permission for renewable and low-carbon energy development projects with an installed capacity of 50 MW or less​

Permitted Development Rights:

• There may be some instances where the installation of solar panels and equipment on residential buildings and land may be considered as ‘permitted development’, which means there’s no need to apply for planning permission. However, there are specific limits and conditions that must be met to benefit from these permitted development rights​.

Rigorous Planning Procedures:

• Obtaining planning permission is just one part of the process. Projects like solar farms have to go through a rigorous set of planning procedures before work can begin. This includes assessing the suitability of the proposed site, the work needed to make it suitable, and any potential impact on the local environment​.

Professional Guidance:

• It’s advisable to seek professional guidance to understand the detailed requirements and process for obtaining planning permission for solar installations on farmland in the UK.

In summary, planning permission is generally required for installing solar panels on farmland in the UK, especially for larger installations or solar farms. The process involves engaging with Local Planning Authorities and adhering to a set of planning procedures to ensure compliance with local regulations and standards.

Is my land suitable for a solar farm UK?

Determining the suitability of your land for a solar farm in the UK involves several factors and considerations. Here’s a breakdown of steps and elements to consider:

Solar Irradiance:

• One of the primary factors determining the suitability of land for a solar farm is the level of solar irradiance the area receives. The UK generally has lower solar irradiance compared to sunnier regions, but solar farms can still be viable, especially in southern parts of the country.

Topography:

• Flat or gently sloping lands facing south are ideal for solar farms as they maximise sun exposure to the solar panels.

Soil Quality:

• Soil quality can affect the cost and feasibility of installing solar panels. For instance, rocky or unstable soils may require additional work and costs.

Accessibility:

• Easy access to the site for installation and maintenance purposes is crucial. Additionally, proximity to roads and other infrastructure can lower installation costs.

Proximity to Electrical Grid:

• The closer your land is to the electrical grid, the lower the cost will be to connect the solar farm to the grid.

Planning Permission:

• As previously discussed, obtaining planning permission is a vital step. Engage with your local planning authority to understand the requirements and the likelihood of obtaining permission for a solar farm on your land.

Size of the Land:

• The size of your land also plays a significant role. Larger plots of land can accommodate more solar panels, making the project more financially viable.

Environmental Concerns:

• Assess any environmental concerns, like the presence of protected wildlife or water bodies, as they can affect the feasibility and permitting of the solar farm.

Local Community Support:

• Gaining support from the local community can smooth the planning permission process and lead to a more successful project.

Professional Assessment:

• Consider hiring professionals to conduct a feasibility study on your land for a solar farm. They can provide a detailed analysis considering all the above factors and more.

Government Incentives:

• Look into any government incentives or grants available for renewable energy projects, as they can significantly impact the financial feasibility of the project.

By examining these factors and consulting with professionals, you can get a clearer picture of whether your land is suitable for a solar farm in the UK.

How many acres do you need for a solar farm UK?

The acreage required for a solar farm in the UK can vary based on several factors, including the desired capacity of the solar farm, the efficiency of the solar panels, and the specific layout and design of the solar farm. However, some general guidelines can provide a rough idea:

Capacity to Land Ratio:

• It’s often mentioned that you would need about 6 to 8 acres of land to generate roughly 1 Megawatt (MW) of solar energy in the UK​.

Panel Efficiency:

• Higher-efficiency solar panels can yield more electricity per square meter, potentially reducing the amount of land required.

Layout Efficiency:

• The layout of the solar panels, spacing between rows, and orientation can also impact the amount of land needed. Efficient layouts can maximise electricity generation while minimising land use.

Accessory Equipment:

• Space will also be needed for other essential equipment like inverters, substations, and access roads, which can increase the total land requirement.

Regulatory Compliance:

• Local regulations and planning permissions may also influence the land area needed, as there might be restrictions or requirements that impact the layout and spacing of solar panels.

Environmental Considerations:

• Environmental considerations such as avoiding shading, flood zones, or environmentally sensitive areas can also impact the land area required.

Maintenance Access:

• Adequate space is needed between rows of panels and around the perimeter of the solar farm to allow for maintenance access.

Given these factors, the acreage required for a solar farm in the UK can vary widely. It’s advisable to consult with solar energy experts and local planning authorities to get a more accurate understanding of the land area needed for a solar farm based on your specific circumstances and the local conditions and regulations in your area.

Can I put solar panels in my paddock UK?

Yes, it’s possible to install solar panels in your paddock in the UK, but there are several considerations and steps you should take:

Planning Permission:

• You may need to obtain planning permission from your local planning authority, especially if the solar installation is of a significant size or if there are any local restrictions.

Local Regulations:

• Check with your local council to understand the zoning laws and any other local regulations that may affect solar installations in paddocks.

Agrivoltaics:

• Consider an agrivoltaic system which allows for the co-utilisation of the land for both solar photovoltaic power and agriculture. This way, your paddock can continue to serve its original purpose while also generating clean energy.

Solar Panel Type:

• Choose solar panels and mounting systems that are suitable for the terrain and soil type in your paddock. Ground-mounted solar panels are commonly used in such settings, but the specific type and design may vary.

Professional Assessment:

• Have a professional assess the suitability of your paddock for solar installation, including analysing the solar potential, ground conditions, and any other relevant factors.

Access and Maintenance:

• Ensure that there is adequate access to the paddock for the installation and maintenance of the solar panels. Consider the spacing between panels for ease of maintenance and to allow for other uses of the paddock.

Environmental Impact:

• Assess the environmental impact of the installation, especially if your paddock is home to wildlife or near water sources.

Community Engagement:

• Engage with your community to address any concerns and to garner support for your solar project, which could potentially smooth the planning permission process.

Financial Assessment:

• Assess the financial feasibility of the solar installation, including the costs, potential savings, and any available grants or incentives.

Contractors and Installers:

• Engage reputable solar contractors and installers with experience in agricultural solar installations to ensure a 
• high-quality, safe, and effective solar installation.

By addressing these considerations and working with professionals, you can determine the feasibility and steps necessary to install solar panels in your paddock in the UK.